Cementitious material.



UNITED sTAr s PATENT; OFFICE.

HENRY s. SPACKMAN, or ARDMORE, AND ELLIS w. LAZEELDF. PHILADELPHIA, PENNsYL- VANIA, ASSIGNORS TO HENRY s. SPAOKMAN ENGINEERING COMPANY, or PHILADEL- PHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, A coRPoRArIoN or NEW JERSEY.

ommnrrrrous airman;

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nev. a, 1908.

Application filed September 22, 1908. .Ierial No. 454,138.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, HENRY S. S AcK- MAN, a resident of Ardmore, Montgomery:

may be readily pre ared by calcining suitable mixtures of nely' ground lime and bauxite or other alumina compounds, such as kaolin or high alumina clays, high alumina slag and so forth, the materials being referably combined in such proportions that rom one to three molecules of'lime are pres ent to one molecule of alumina, sufficient lime being of course added to combine with the silica or other acid components which may be present in connection with the aluminous material added to-form the mixture. Such mixed materials maybe rendered hydraulic andgiven a very ui'ck initial set ,when ground and mixed wit water by calcining or sintering them, and if desired by subsequently fuslng them in some cases which seems to give a slower initial set to aluminates containing approximately equivalent proportions of' lime and alumina.

It is of courseunderstood that iron or similar material may be used in some cases to replace to some extentat least the alumina in this accelerating. material, and that other earthy alkali material, such as magnesia and so forth, may be substituted for art at least of the lime combined therewit such calcium aluminatesand equivalent or substitute accelerating material bein designated hydraulic earthy alkali acce eratin'g compounds of alumina-like material.

Suitable proportions' of hydraulic calcium aluminate or similar accelerating material and also ifdesired controllin materlalto efl'ect the desired quiclfile'sao "set'and increase of strengthina be added and incorpointed at any time efore utilization with the independently cenientitious material com risin oxids, hydrates, or otherwise ava' able lime or similarly actin earthy alkali material combining or capa le of combining with hydraulic calcium aluminate and cooperating silicious material. The finely divided accelerating material may be added and incorporated by the workman ,beforeor after he gages the cementitious material, or it may be dissolved or incorporated in the gaging water; preferably owever the accelerating and controllin material ma be uniformly incorporate with the in e endently ceinentitious material so as to orm a finely ground material convenient for transportation an utilizes tion since it becomes immediately efl'ec'tiv when the water is added thereto.

Many natural cements such as are produced by the calcinatio'n of argillaceous limestone to substantial decarborization, and which are also known as Roman and Rosendale cements may with advanta e receive a suitable addition of this previous y' prepared accelerating material, from about two to five per cent. being usually sufficient for such purposes to give a very considerable increase in quickness of set and strength, es ecially when similar proportions of availalil are added or' are present. Desirable cements of this character for ordinary pur poses Ina comprise seventy to ninety per cent. of t e original cement, ten to twenty per cent. of hydrated lime or other earthy .90

alkalimateria (that is, free. or loosely combined lime, magnesia, baryta, strontia and other material capable of combining with cooperating silicious material and calcium aluminate accelerating material) with which three to seven er cent. of the previously repared hydraulic calcium aluminate acceer ating material and one to three'per cent. of calcium sulfate or other'controllin material have been incorporated, an initial set'as quick as fifteen minutes or as slow as several hours being thus attainable as desired. The

incorporation of live to ten per cent. of cal cium aluminate accelerating material, and If desired, up to five or ten per cen t. of hydrated 1 05 lime and one to three per cent. of calcium sulfate with independently cemen'tltiousmaterial such as the low-limed natural cements of l e lime 85 I of ap roximate trons an days 160 pounds,

good composicauses very consl rable increases in their sand strengths, especially at early periods.

As an illustration a com osition containing ninety per cent." of suc natural cement giving, when tested with three parts of sand about 100- pounds at seven days and about the Lehigh district givesveiy 140 ounds at twent -ei ht da s'after hav- E Y g 3 ing een stored till considerable moisture was absorbed and having the following approximate composition, with which was incorporated ten er cent. of hydraulic calcium aluminateacce erating material having the following approximate composition:

Await;

Natural cement. star.

810 22.82 1.16 1130 ..V 10- 76 66. 92 (20.; 31. 14m ii'ii hititll'.'fj.--.lllIIIZLIIIIIIIII 13112 102 eyseven percent. .of hydraulic calcium.

aluminate accelerator'and three per cent. of

calcium sulfate gavethe following tests: ini- 'of standard sand at seven .days 210 at twenty-eight days380 pounds and atthree ninety parts were ineo of hydrated lime and tial-sot one hour fifty-five minutes; final set four hours; tensile strength with three parts pounds,

months 390 pounds. .Another natural cement somew at more finelyground when orated with five parts ealclum aluminate accelerator andtested with three parts-pf sand gave at one'day.210 pounds, atseven days 360 'ounds and at twenty-eight'days 460 pounde. These com positions are also constant in volume when tested in steam and hot water, thus as indicated fulfilling the" constant volume and sand 'strengthreflnrements for standard Portland cement. e incorporation of a consider-- ably larger proportion,

per cent. or moreof calcium aluminate acce e cements containing availablelime or the like or havin the sameadded thereto produces cements ving much'greaterstrengths with sand than-the original cements.

It isof course understood that eementitious mixtures comprising a considerable proportion of natural cement incorporated with Portland cement or other material may simiterial in minutes; tensile.

' terial substantially in a '3. The hydraulic highullfi ve parts of hydraulic such as ten to twenty.

rating material; for instance; to suchlarly have incorporated therewith from about two to twenty per cent. or more of se aratel prepared calcium aluminate or si ar acce erator to increase their and strength especially at ca periods.

Havin described the invention in this case Whi relates to natural cement com ositions and which is a continuation of, t at is, contains subject-matter taken from United States Patent application 394,916, filed September 27, 1907, v1n connection with a number of illustrative in redients, proportions, formulas and methods ofpre aratlon, to the details of which disclosure t e invention is not of course to be limited, what is claimed as new and whatis desired to be se- A cured by Letters Patent is set forth in the appended claims. v 1. The 11 draulic highly cementitious maydraulic calcium aluminate accelerating material.

-2. The hydraulic highlficementitious mavolume and sand strength requirements for Portland cement consisting substantially of 'natural cement and between three and ten per cent. of incorporated separately (prepared earthy alkali accelerating compoun such in alumina-like material. g cementitious material substantially. fu ing the constant volume requirements for Portland cement consisting substantially of natural cement, a

few, per cent. of controlling material and be-' tween about two and twenty per cent; of in corporated hydraulicseparately prepared calcium alummate accelerating material.

4. The hydraulic highl cementitious material' substantially in ing the constant volume requirements for Portland cement consisting substantially of natural cement.

and between about two and twenty per cent. of incorporated hydraulic separately prepared earthy alkali accelerating compounds rich in alumina-like material.

quickness of sety p the constant volume and sand g the constant '5. "The hi hl cementitious'material substantiallyfu 4 sand strength requirements for Portland cement comprising available limeand a considerable proportion of naturalcement and g the constant volume and comprising between about two and twenty per-cent. of hydraulic separately preqaredcalcium aluminate accelerating materia v 6; The hi hl cementitious material substantially fu g the constant volume and sand strength requirements for Portland cement com ava lable earth-y alkalimatexial an a large proportion of natural cement and comprising between about two and twenty per cent. of incor orated separately prepared hydraulic eart y alkali acand a considerable proportion of natural eement and comprising between about two and twenty per cent. of incorporated se arately prepare calcium alunnnate acce crating material.

8. The highly cementitious material comprising controlling material, available earthy alkali material and a considerable. proportion of natural cement and comprising between about two and twenty per cent. of incorporated separately prepared earthy alkali accelerating compounds rich in alumina-like material.

9. The hi hl cementitious material substantially fuTfil ing the constant volume and sand strength requirements for Portland cement comprising calcium sulfate controlling material, a considerable proportion of natural cement and between three and ten per cent. of incorporated separately prepared calcium aluminate accelerating material.

10. The highly cementitious material sub stantially fulfilling the constant volume and sand strength requirements for Portland cement comprising a few per cent. of calcium sulfate controlling material, a considerable proportion of natural cement and between three and ten per cent. of incorporated separately prepared earthy alkali accelerating compounds rich in alumina-like material 11. The highly cementitious material comprising calcium sulfate and a considerable proportion of natural cement and comprising between about two and twenty per cent. of incorporated separately prepared calcium aluminate accelerating material.

12. The highly cementitious material comprising calcium sulfate and a considerable proportion of natural cement and comprising etween about two and twenty er cent. of incorporated separately reparer earthy alkali accelerating compoun s rich in alumina-like material.

13. The highl cementitious material comprising availab e lime and a considerable proportion of natural cement and comprising between about two and twenty per cent. of se arately prepared calcium aluminate acce crating material.

14. The highly cenientitious material comprising available earthy alkali material and a considerable proportion of natural cement and comprising between about two and twenty per cent. of separately prepared earthy alkali acceleratin compounds rich in alumina-like materia 15. The highly cementitious material comprising natural cement and incorporated separately prepared calcium aluminate acce crating material.

16. The highly cementitious material comprising natural cement and incorporated separately prepared earthy alkali accelerating compounds rich in alumina-like material.

17. The highly cementitious material comprising available lime and a considerable proportion of natural cement and comprising a small proportion of separately prepared calcium aluminate accelerating material.

18. The highly cementitious material comprising available earthy alkali material and a considerable proportion of natural cement and comprising a small proportion of incorporated separately prepared earthy alkali accelerating compounds rich in alumina-like material.

19. The highly cementitious material comprising a considerable proportion of natural cement and a small pro ortion of incorporated separately prepare calcium aluminate accelerating material.

20. The highly cementitious material comprising a considerable proportion of natural cement and a small proportion of incorporated separately pre ared earthy alkali accelerating compoun s rich in alumina-like material.

21. The highly cementitious material comprising controllmg material and a considerable proportion of natural cement and comprising a small proportion of incorporated separately prepared earthy alkali accelerating compounds rich in alumina-like material.

22. The highly cementitious material comprising controlling material'and a considerable proportion of natural cement and'com prising a small proportion of incorporated separately prepared calcium aluminate accelerating material.

HENRY S.SPACKMAN. ELLIS W. LAZELL. Witnesses:

Louis F. SoHUcK, W. L. WILSON. 

